Helsinki
Frome swedish fortress to finnish Capital city
Helsinki Is by far the largest city of Finland, but was on til 1809 relative unimportant in the swedish kingdom. This should change since Russia won Finland and wanted a capital closer to there own Saint Petersburg. So in 1812 the capital was moved to this town with then 4000 inhabitans and rebuild to its present beauty. Heart was the Senate square.
Aleksander's street
Aleksanterinkatu (Swedish: Alexandersgatan) is a street in the centre. In the city plan by Carl Ludvig Engel, it was the Decumanus Maximus, the main east-west street in the city.
The street, colloquially known in Helsinki as "Aleksi", was named for Tsar Alexander I of Russia in 1833. It was originally named Suurkatu (Swedish: Storgatan), meaning "Grand Street", but was renamed after the Emperor's death in his honour. The streets crossing Aleksanterinkatu are named after the Emperor's mother, his brothers, and his sisters. |
Alexander Theatre
|
Aleksanterin teatteri (Finnish), Alexandersteatern (Swedish) is a Finnish theatre, also known as Russian Theater and Alexander Theatre.
In the summer of 1875, the Governor-General of Russian Finland in 1866–1881, Count Nikolay Adlerberg, who was a frequent theatregoer, received Alexander II of Russia's permission to build a theatre for Russians living in Helsinki. The auditorium of the theatre was decorated by the Saint Petersburg architect Jeronim Osuhovsky, and the Finnish artist Severin Falkman decorated the ceiling paintings, which depict twelve cupids, reminding of the Mariinsky Theatre in Saint Petersburg. The theatre technology was designed by Iosif Vorontsov. The theatre was completed in October 1879, and in February 1880 it was named after Russian Tsar Alexander II. The grand opening of the theatre occurred on 30 March 1880 with Charles Gounod's Faust. |
Ateneum
Ateneum Art Museum is one of the Museum of the Finnish National Gallery. It has the biggest collections of classical art in Finland. Previously the Ateneum building overpriced housed the Finnish Academy of Fine Arts and the University of Art and Design Helsinki. The building was designed by architect Theodor Höijer and completed in the year in 1887. Ateneum facade is decorated with sculptures and reliefs which contains much symbolism. Above the main entrance, on the second floor, there are busts depicting three of the ancient artists; Bramante, Raphael and Phidias. Above them, on the third floor, there are four caryatids holding up the pediment. They symbolize the four classical arts architecture, visual arts, sculpture and music. The facade's highlight is the pediment, where the goddess blesses different works from different art forms. These sculptures and reliefs are made by Carl Lakeshore. Between the windows on the second floor there are reliefs depicting Finnish and international artists, which have been sculpted by Ville Vallgren. In the pediment there is written in golden letters Concordia res parvae crescunt (In harmony small things grow). The sentence is assumed to refer to the long struggle of artistic circles in Finland conducted to obtain academy built. The collections of the Ateneum include extensively Finnish art all the way from 18th-century rococo portraiture to the experimental art movements of the 20th century. The collections overpriced includessome 650 international works of art. One of them is Vincent van Gogh's Street in Auvers-sur-Oise (1890): when the painting was Deposited in 1903 Ateneum Became the first museum in the world to own a Vincent van Gogh.
|
|
Bank of Finland
The Bank of Finland was established on 1 March in 1812 in the city of Turku by Alexander I of Russia. In 1819 it was relocated to Helsinki. The Bank created and regulated the Finnish Markka until Finland adopted the euro in 1999.
The main office is made 1876-83 after a competion won by Ludwig Bohnstedt |
Burgher's house
Eira Hospital
Eira Hospital (Finnish: Eiran sairaala, Swedish: Eira sjukhus) is a private hospital in southern part of Helsinki, Finland. It has given its name to the adjacent Eira district of Helsinki.
The architectural landmark was designed by Lars Sonck and its construction was completed in June 1905. It is named Eira after similar Eira-named hospital in Stockholm. In Icelandic Poetic Edda Eir was the art-of-medicine goddess. |
Embassy of Sweden
Already in the 1600s was the site documented in the contemporary city plan. From this time, and a few centuries it was a small wooden house with a turf roof. The building that houses the embassy was built between the years 1839 and 1843 as the private residence of Commerce Johan Henrik Heidenstrauch. Swedish state bought the property for 400 000 Swedish kronor in 1921 to house the Swedish legation. Sweden had in 1918 established diplomatic relations with Finland, which has just become independent. It was originally designed by architect Anders Fredrik Granstedt, but after becoming an embassy, it was heavily changed. The architect of this was Swedish Torben Grut, who designed it to look like the Stockholm Palace. During the early 1980s was a total renovation of the embassy building under the leadership the Finnish professor Erik Kråkström
|
Finlandia hall
|
The Finlandia Hall is a congress and event venue. The building, which was designed by architect Alvar Aalto, was completed in 1971. Every detail in the building is designed by Aalto. The designs were completed in 1962, with building taking place between 1967–1971. The Congress Wing was designed in 1970 and built in 1973–1975. In 2011, the building was expanded with new exhibition and meeting facilities. The main feature of the Finlandia Hall building is a tower like section with a sloping roof. Alvar Aalto’s idea behind the design was that a high empty space would provide better acoustics. A lattice ceiling hides the space to the audience but it allows the creation of the same deep post-echo as tall church towers. Aalto used marble in both indoor and outdoor surfaces as a contrast to black granite. For Aalto, marble was a tie to the Mediterranean culture, which he wanted to bring to Finland. The interior design of the building is a tribute to detail. The design of each lamp, piece of furniture, panel, flooring material and decorative board reflects the mature approach resulting from Aalto’s long career as an architect. All the materials speak the language of nature, simply without technically artificial tones. This is because Aalto’s basic view was that architecture should create a frame for human beings. In the Finlandia Hall, the focus is not on extraordinary forms or ostentatious interior. It is on the audience and on the performers. According to Aalto, the audience at the Finlandia Hall need not dress up like people used to in the opera foyers and gilded concert halls of the old days. What people wear should be as genuine and natural as the environment in the building.
|
Finnida
the building is build 1991 by Olli Jokela
|
|
Finnish National Opera
|
Regular opera performances began in Finland in 1873 with the founding of the Finnish Opera by Kaarlo Bergbom. Prior to that, opera had been performed in Finland sporadically by touring companies, and on occasion by Finnish amateurs, the first such production being The Barber of Seville in 1849. However, the Finnish Opera company soon plunged into a financial crisis and folded in 1879. During its six year's of operation, Bergbom’s opera company had given 450 performances of a total of 26 operas, and the company had managed to demonstrate that opera can be sung in Finnish too. After the disbandment of the Finnish Opera, the opera audiences of Helsinki had to confine themselves to performances of visiting opera companies and occasional opera productions at the Finnish National Theatre. The reincarnation of the Finnish opera institution took place about 30 years later. A group of notable social and cultural figures, led by the international star soprano Aino Ackté, founded the Domestic Opera in 1911. From the very beginning, the opera decided to engage both foreign and Finnish artists. A few years later the Domestic Opera was renamed the Finnish Opera in 1914. In 1956, the Finnish Opera was, in turn, taken over by the Foundation of the Finnish National Opera, and acquired its present name. Between 1918 and 1993 the home of the opera was the Alexander Theater, which had been assigned to the company on a permanent basis. The home was inaugurated with an opening performance of Verdi’s Aida. When the first dedicated opera house in Finland was finally completed and inaugurated in 1993, the old opera house was given back its original name, the Alexander Theater. The present house is made by Eero Hyvämäki, Jukka Karhunen and Risto Parkkinen.
|
Finnish National Theatre
The Finnish National Theatre is founded in 1872 in the city of Pori. The Finnish National Theatre is the oldest Finnish speaking professional theatre in Finland. It was known as the Finnish Theatre until 1902, when it was renamed the Finnish National Theatre. For the first thirty years of its existence, the theatre functioned primarily as a touring company. The theatre did not acquire a permanent home until 1902, when a purpose-built structure was erected in the heart of Helsinki. The building hosting the Finnish National Theatre today was completed in 1902 and designed by architect Onni Tarjanne in the National Romantic style, inspired by romantic nationalism. The theatre still operates in these premises today, and over the years the building has expanded from its original size to encompass another three permanent stages. In addition to the Main Stage, the theatre comprises the Small Stage built in 1954 (by architects Heikki Siren and Kaija Siren), the Willensauna Stage built in 1976, and the Omapohja studio built in 1987.
The theatre is often associated with the statue of the Finnish national romantic writer Aleksis Kivi, which is located in front of it. |
Goodbye
Government palace
The Government Palace in Helsinki is the executive office building of the Government of Finland. Work on building the Senate began in 1818. The architect was Carl Ludvig Engel. The Senate moved to the palace overlooking Senate Square in 1822. The wing on the Aleksanterinkatu side was completed in 1824 followed by the Ritarinkatu wing in 1828. The Hallituskatu side was not closed off until several decades later with a courtyard annex added in 1860 to house the Senate printing press. The Ritarikatu and Hallituskatu sides were later subsequently renovated and altered. The Government Palace acquired its present appearance between 1916 and 1917 with the heightening of the Ritarikatu wing. In addition to the organs of the Senate itself, the Senate building was in the early years also home to a wide range of other important public agencies and offices, including the predecessor of the Bank of Finland, Postal Directorate, Customs Board and National Archives. The Imperial Alexander Pharmacy was also located in the Senate building before it moved to the building completed on the opposite side of Senate Square in 1832.
In 1904 Eugen Schauman shot Governor-General of Finland Nikolai Bobrikov in the stairway of the building. |
Grönqvistska house
Grönqvistska house is named after its developer, industrialist Friedrich Wilhelm Grönqvist. Today the building is owned by Ilmarinen Mutual Pension Insurance.
Grönqvistska house was built between 1882 and 1883 in neo-Renaissance style,Designed by the Finnish architect Theodor Höijer. The building's facade ornamentswere made by sculptor Karl Magnus von Wright. When Grönqvistska house wasfinished in 1883, it was the Largest Private Residence in Scandinavia. The buildingscosts were Approximately 1.6 million In the 1930s the building was rebuild into offices. In 1970 and in 1997 it was renovated. |
Havis Amanda
Havis Amanda is a nude female statue. It was sculpted by Ville Vallgren (1855-1940) in 1906 in Paris, but was not erected at its present location at the Market Square in Kaartinkaupunki until 1908. Havis Amanda is one of Vallgren's Parisian Art Nouveau works. It is cast in bronze and the fountain it resides in is made of granite. She is a mermaid who stands on seaweed as she rises from the water, with four fish spouting water at her feet and surrounded by four sea lions. She is depicted leaning backwards as if to say goodbye to her element. Vallgren's intention was to symbolize the rebirth of Helsinki. The height of the statue is 194 centimetres and with the pedestal it stands 5 metres tall. According to Vallgren's letters the model for the statue was a then 19-year-old Parisian lady, Marcelle Delquini. Vallgren himself simply called the work Merenneito (English: The Mermaid), but it quickly started to get additional nicknames. The Finland-Swedish newspapers dubbed it Havis Amanda and the Finnish Haaviston Manta or simply Manta. Havis Amanda is the common name used in brochures and travel guides. The water bassin is made by Saarinen
|
Helsinki catehedral
|
Helsinki Cathedral is the Finnish Evangelical Lutheran cathedral of the Diocese of Helsinki. The church was originally built from 1830-1852 as a tribute to the Grand Duke of Finland, Tsar Nicholas I of Russia. It was also known as St Nicholas' Church until the independence of Finland in 1917. A distinctive landmark in the Helsinki cityscape, with its tall, green dome surrounded by four smaller domes, the building is in the neoclassical style. It was designed by Carl Ludvig Engel as the climax of his Senate Square layout: it is surrounded by other, smaller buildings designed by him. The church's plan is a Greek cross (a square centre and four equilateral arms), symmetrical in each of the four cardinal directions, with each arm's façade featuring a colonnade and pediment. Engel originally intended to place a further row of columns on the western end to mark the main entrance opposite the eastern altar, but this was never built. The cathedral was built on the site of the smaller Ulrika Eleonora Church, which was dedicated to its patroness, Ulrika Eleonora, Queen of Sweden. The building was later altered by Engel's successor Ernst Lohrmann, whose four small domes emphasise the architectural connection to the cathedral's model, Saint Isaac's Cathedral in St. Petersburg. Lohrmann also erected two free-standing bell towers, as well as larger-than-life sized zinc statues of the Twelve Apostles at the apexes and corners of the roofline. The altarpiece was painted by Carl Timoleon von Neff and donated to the church by emperor Nicholas I. The cathedral crypt was renovated in the 1980s by architects Vilhelm Helander and Juha Leiviskä for use in exhibitions and church functions; Helander was also responsible for conservation repairs on the cathedral in the late 1990s.
|
Helsinki Central railway station
|
Helsinki Central railway station is the focal point of public transport in the Greater Helsinki area. The station is used by approximately 200,000 passengers per day, making it Finland's most-visited building. It serves as the point of origin for all trains in the local VR commuter rail network, as well as for a large proportion of long-distance trains in Finland. The station also hosts the Rautatientori metro station, which is the busiest station of the Helsinki Metro. The station building was designed by Eliel Saarinen and inaugurated in 1919. The station is mostly clad in Finnish granite, and its distinguishing features are its clock tower and the two pairs of statues holding the spherical lamps, lit at night-time, on either side of the main entrance. There are 19 platforms at the station. The first railway station in Helsinki was built in 1860, as Finland's first railway between Helsinki and Hämeenlinna was opened. The station's plans were drawn by the Swedish architect Carl Albert Edelfelt. However, as the popularity of railways grew, the station turned out to be too small, and a contest was organised in 1904 with the intention of producing plans for a new station. The contest received 21 entries, and was won by Eliel Saarinen, with a pure national romanticist design, which sparked off a vigorous debate about the architecture of major public buildings, with demands for a modern, rational style. Saarinen himself abandoned romanticism altogether and re-designed the station completely. The new design was finished in 1909 and the station was opened in 1919. In 1982, Rautatientori metro station was built under the railway station forecourt as part of the Helsinki Metro construction work. In 2000, a glass roof, which had already been in the original drawings by Eliel Saarinen, was built over the railway station's central platforms, although to a new design. In 2003, the shopping wing Kauppakuja was opened along with a hotel. One of the station's less known features is a private 50-square-metre (540 sq ft) waiting lounge exclusively for the use of the President of Finland and his/her official guests. The lounge, featuring furniture designed by Eliel Saarinen, has two entrances, a bigger one leading outside to the Rautatientori square and a smaller one leading to the main station hall. The lounge was first completed in 1911 and was originally intended for the private use of the Emperor of Russia, but the First World War delayed its official inauguration to 1919, at which point it had been converted into a temporary military hospital, and was afterwards given to the use of the Finnish President.
|
Helsinki City Hall
Helsinki City Hall is a central administrative building of the City of Helsinki. Completed in 1833, the building originally served as the Hotel Seurahuone and was the socialite life center of Helsinki in the 1800s. The hotel was Designed by Carl Ludvig Engel. In 1894, Jean Sibelius's Karelia suite and in 1896, Sibelius only opera Maiden in the Tower had its premiere here. The same year arranged Auguste and Louis Lumière Finland's first movie show at the hotel. The city purchased the building in 1901 and, after the hotel moved out in 1913, renovated it as a city hall. Following an architectural competition The City Hall was radically remodeled by architect Aarno Ruusuvuori in 1965-70, Replacing many of the old classical interiors and building modern glass-facaded insertions.
The City Hall, hosts the offices of the Mayor of Helsinki and the Deputy Mayors as well as the meeting facilities for the City Council and City Board. |
Helsinki Metropolia University of Applied Sciences
Helsinki Metropolia University of Applied Sciences is one of the largest and the most international University of Applied Sciences in Finland. The university has four fields of study: technology, health care and social services, economics and business administration, and culture, all of which are also taught in English.
The students number some 16,000 and the staff about 1,200. The main building was made 1904 by Gustaf Nyström. |
Helsinki old church
The Old Church of Helsinki, designed by Carl Ludvig Engel and completed in 1826, is an Evangelical Lutheran church. The oldest existing church in central Helsinki, the church was originally planned as a temporary building as the Ulrika Eleonora Church constructed in 1727 had become too small for the congregation and the new church, Helsinki Cathedral, would not be completed until 1852. However, the city's rapid population growth from the early 19th century onwards ensured that the church would remain needed, and also necessitated the construction of many other churches. The neoclassical wooden church was built under Engel's supervision between 1824 and 1826 and consecrated on 17 December 1826 by dean Johan Borgström. When the Ulrika Eleonora Church was demolished, the recovered building materials and part of the movables were auctioned but some of the furnishings including the pulpit, benches and chandeliers as well as the organ were relocated to the newly built church. These furnishings were however replaced over the years with the exception of the pulpit. A new 36 stop organ built by Per Larsson Åkermann was installed in 1869. The altarpiece painted by Robert Wilhelm Ekman was initially commissioned for Helsinki Cathedral, but was instead placed in the Old Church in 1854.
|
Helsinki olympic stadium
The Olympiastadion is the largest stadium in the country, nowadays mainly used for hosting sports events and big concerts. The stadium is best known for being the centre of activities in the 1952 Summer Olympics. During those games, it hosted athletics, equestrian show jumping, and the football finals. The stadium was also the venue for the first Bandy World Championship in 1957, the first World Athletics Championships in 1983 as well as for the 2005 World Championships in Athletics. It hosted the European Athletics Championships in 1971, 1994 and 2012. It is also the home stadium of the Finland national football team. The Stadium will close temporarily in 2015 for renovation works and will reopen in 2019. The Olympic Stadium was designed in functionalistic style by the architects Yrjö Lindegren and Toivo Jäntti. Construction of the Olympic Stadium began in 1934 and it was completed in 1938, with the intent to host the 1940 Summer Olympics, which were moved from Tokyo to Helsinki before being cancelled due to World War II. It hosted the 1952 Summer Olympics over a decade later instead. The stadium was also to be the main venue for the cancelled 1943 Workers' Summer Olympiad. The stadium's spectator capacity was at its maximum during the 1952 Summer Olympics with over 70,000 spectator places. Nowadays the stadium has 40,600 spectator places. During concerts, depending on the size of the stage, the capacity is 45,000–50,000. The tower of the stadium, a distinct landmark with a height of 72.71 metres (238.5 ft), taken from gold-medal winning result of Matti Järvinen in javelin throw of 1932 Summer Olympics, is open for visitors and offers impressive views over Helsinki.
|
|
Helsinki Railway Square
Helsinki Railway Square is an open square immediately to the east of the Helsinki Central railway station. The square serves as Helsinki's secondary bus station along with the main Kamppi Center bus station. The north side features the Finnish National Theatre, and the south side is formed of the Ateneum classical art museum (part of the Finnish National Gallery). To the west side are the two ornate entrances to Helsinki Central station—a bigger one for public use, and a smaller one exclusively for the President of Finland and their official guests. The square is served by the Helsinki Metro system with Rautatientori metro station entrances at the south-west corner, and University of Helsinki metro station to the east.
During summer afternoons and evenings, the pub tram Spårakoff departs from the Mikonkatu tram stop in the square once per hour. |
helsinki senate square
The Senate Square presents Carl Ludvig Engel's architecture as a unique allegory of political, religious, scientific and commercial powers in the centre of Helsinki, Finland.
Senate Square and its surroundings make up the oldest part of central Helsinki. Landmarks and famous buildings surrounding the square are the Helsinki Cathedral, the Government Palace, main building of the University of Helsinki, and Sederholm House, the oldest building of central Helsinki dating from 1757. |
|
Helsinki Stock Exchang
Helsinki University Observatory
Helsinki University Observatory housed the Department of Astronomy at the University of Helsinki, south Finland until end of 2009. It is now an astronomy-themed visitor centre and museum. The Helsinki astronomical observatory was designed in cooperation by professor Friedrich Wilhelm Argelander and architect Carl Ludvig Engel. The building was finished in 1834. The instruments and astronomical books that had escaped the great fire in Turku were transferred to Helsinki. The observatory was among the most modern astronomical observatories of its time, and served as an example for several European observatories that were built afterwards. A separate tower was built in the observatory garden for the telescope designed for astrophotography. This building was finished in 1890. It houses the double refractor, two 0.33 meter refractor telescopes mounted together. One of the telescopes is built to be fitted with an eyepiece and the other with a photographic plate. The Department of Astronomy was merged into the Department of Physics at the beginning of 2010 and the astronomers moved to the Kumpula campus. The observatory building was thoroughly renovated and re-opened as a museum and visitor centre in 2012. The building also now houses the amateur astronomy association Ursa.
|
Hotel Kleineh
Hotel Kleineh was named after German-born Louis Kleineh'n in 1851. It was once the city's finest. The building it self though is frome 1819, made by Pehr Granstedt Decades have influenced the lives in the restaurant King restaurant at Kleineh's hotel and celebrated, among other things, Fredrik Cygnaeus 50th anniversary in 1857 and founded Nyländska Jaktklubben in 1861. The hotel's restaurant was organized by several associations meetings. Kleineh'n's death in 1874, his widow ran the hotel, and even in the first half of the 1900s, it maintained its reputation. The hotels last owner was the Latvian Heinrich Bitte, who took care of business until 1935, when the city bought the building. Since then, the hotel building was placed in the real estate agency. Today, the building has been renovated into a market-quarter, and it has a restaurant.
|
Hotel Kämp
Hotel Kämp is a historical hotel in Helsinki, Finland.
The hotel, originally built in 1887 by Carl Kämp, was designed by Theodor Höijer. The building was demolished and the facade was rebuilt in 1965. The headquarters of the bank Kansallis-Osake-Pankki (now part of Nordea) were situated in the building for almost three decades, until 1995. A major restoration project, started in 1996, culminated in the reopening of Hotel Kämp in 1999 as a Luxury Collection property of Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide, a U.S. based hotel chain. A shopping centre, Kämp Galleria, was also opened within the same city block. |
House of estate
|
The House of the Estates is a historical building. From 1891, when it was built, it housed the three commoner estates of the four estates of the realm of Finland; there is a separate House of Nobility. The building was built by architect Gustaf Nyström's drawings and was completed in 1890 and became operational in January 1891. The estates were superseded at the 1906 parliamentary reform by the foundation of the unicameral parliament of Finland. The parliament settled elsewhere. Today the House of the Estates houses sporadic governmental meetings. It is also the established location for official coalition talks after general elections and for the sessions of High Court of Impeachment. In addition, the house is used by scientific and scholarly organizations for meetings. The building is owned by the Republic of Finland through Senate Properties.
|
House of nobility
The estate of nobility existed fully starting from the 1809 Diet of Porvoo, and was formally organized in 1818. Families of Finnish nobility were registered in the rolls of the Finnish House of Nobility, through a process called introduction to one's peers, after the royal/imperial creation. First introductions in 1818 were registrations of those noble families registered in the Swedish House of Nobility whose male members lived in Finland and had sworn fealty to the emperor. During the period of Finland being a Grand Duchy to Russia, a number of de novo creations and naturalizations were made by the Russian emperors. The first estate of the four estates of the realm of Finland existed until 1906 when a single chamber parliament was introduced. Baron August Langhoff was the last to be ennobled, in 1912. Hence, Finnish nobility today is a closed society. Today the House of Nobility is a hereditary association of members of registered nobility. The families introduced to the Finnish House of Nobility together with a brief description of the origins of the family and the coats of arms are listed on the House of Nobility website.
The Finnish House of Nobility as corporation owns, since 1857, the assembly building completed in 1862. The building, called Ritarihuone in Finnish and Riddarhuset in Swedish, (House of Knights) is of Neogothic style by G.T. Chiewitz. The block and its land is owned collectively by the Finnish nobility. There are the offices of the House, for example its General Secretary, the Chancellery, and the Genealogist as well as a library, archives and heraldic collections. |
Hussar barracks
Guards barracks is a complex of buildings, which consists of former Finnish Guards barracks. Barrack Square is located in the southern outskirts of the main building, designed by Carl Ludvig Engel and was originally completed in 1822, which is today the Finnish Defence Ministry premises. In other buildings of the Ministry and the General Staff premises. Teaching Battalion was able to move the building at the turn of 1824-1825. The battalion was raised in 1829 Life Guards of the brigade, when it became the Finnish Guard. Engel's plan included in the second wing for crew Barracks, only to be built in the 1840s. Later the blocks were supplemented by two additional red-brick buildings in 1889-91. The barrack courtyard was erected in October 1881, designed by architect F. A. Sjöström with a monument with the Battle of Gorni Dubnik on October 24, 1877. Fallen names are carved into the monument. During the Helsinki big bombing in February 1944 the building was almost completely destroyed, only the walls remained. The building was the object of a post-war controversy, but in the end, in 1954 it was decided to start the reconstruction work, and to build the building designed by Engel. Construction was completed in 1956, when the Ministry of Defence moved to the premises. The reconstruction was led by the architect Aulis Blomstedt. Blocks built on the basis of continuing arranged at the end of the 1950s, a design by Viljo Revell and Heikki Castrén-designed with modern office buildings. The general Staff buildings were completed in the middle of 1961 and 1965, and the last block of the canteen in 1968.
|
Kallio Church
Kallio Church is a Lutheran church.The church was built between the years 1908 and 1912, designed by Finnish architect Lars Sonck. The construction materials were gray granite. The church represents the national romantic art nouveau and its 65 meter high steeple acts as an important landmark. In the church hall there is seating for about 1,600 people. There are seven German clocks in granite tower. It is the composer Jean Sibelius composed a melody for the bells. The church altarpiece is made by Hannes Autere. The Franco-romantic main organ with 48 registers was inaugurated in 1995 and is built by Åkerman & Lund in Sweden. The church is a popular venue for concerts, especially organ music, thanks to its acoustics.
|
Kapelli restaurant
Kappeli (The Chapel) is probably one of the most well known restaurants in Helsinki. This pavilion-like building is of cast iron and glass. The building was designed by Axel Hampus Dalström and it was built in 1867. The restaurant's past is full of nationally well-known clientèle including writer Juhani Aho, poet Eino Leino, composer Jean Sibelius as well as artist Akseli Gallen-Kallela. The restaurant still houses the table where Eino Leino used to sit. Kappeli is also probably the only restaurant in the world that houses a painting on its kitchen wall. The painting is called "Gambrinius" and it is by a Finnish artist Albert Edelfeld. Gambrinius is a legendary king of Flanders, and an unofficial patron saint of beer or beer brewing. The dining room itself houses a statue by Wäinö Aaltonen "Runon hengetär" (the Spirit of a poem) and the hall leading to the cafe is the home to Birger Kaipiainen's mosaic "Tanssivia pareja" (Dancing Couples) made in 1948.
|
Kiasma
Kiasma is a contemporary art museum located. Its name kiasma, Finnish for chiasma, alludes to the basic conceptual idea of its architect, Steven Holl. The museum exhibits the contemporary art collection of the Finnish National Gallery founded in 1990. Its central goal is to make contemporary art better known and strengthen its status. An architectural design competition to design a contemporary arts museum in Helsinki was held in 1992. The competition was meant for architects from the Nordic and Baltic countries. Five internationally renowned architects participated among whom there was only one US citizen. In 1993 the work Chiasma by the American architect Steven Holl was selected from the 516 competitors. The construction of the disputed and controversial Kiasma started in 1996. The museum opened in May 1998. Kiasma was closed for repairs in September 2014 and reopened in the Spring 2015.
The collections include works by over 4.000 artists, like: Ahonen, Reetta, Aiha, Martti, Aken, Jan van, Andersson, Anders Gustaf, Antonio Rotta, Baron, Bernard, Baumgartner, Stig, Cornelis Bega, Nicolas Berchem, Honoré Daumier, Karel Dujardin, Nunzio Gulino, Torger Enckell, Aarne Jämsä, Ismo Kajander, Raimo Kanerva, Risto Laakkonen, etc. |
|
Mannerheimintie
|
Mannerheimintie (Swedish: Mannerheimvägen), named after the Finnish military leader and statesman Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim. It was originally named Heikinkatu (Swedish: Henriksgatan), after Robert Henrik Rehbinder, but was renamed after the Winter War. The change of name was also suitable due to Mannerheim having paraded in along that road during the Finnish Civil War, after German forces allied with Mannerheim's Finnish forces had retaken the city. That event is also portrayed in the landmark statue of Mannerheim sitting horseback. The statue is located along the Mannerheimintie just outside the modern arts museum Kiasma. The street starts at Erottaja in the city centre, near the Swedish Theatre and continues in a northernly direction past the Stockmann department store. It then continues as a main thoroughfare past the districts of Kamppi, Töölö, Meilahti, Laakso and Ruskeasuo, until it finally merges into a busy highway leading outside the city towards Hämeenlinna and Tampere. (Geographically, the highway only ends in central Tampere, having become a small street called Kalevan puistotie, meeting the major street Kekkosentie.) Many famous buildings are located at or near Mannerheimintie. Besides the theatre and department store mentioned above, these include the House of Parliament, the main post office, the Kiasma modern art museum, the Finlandia Hall, the National Museum, the Helsinki Opera House, and Tilkka. There are many famous sculptures along the Mannerheimintie. There include the Three Smiths Statue and the Statue of Mannerheim near Kiasma.
|
Marble palace
The first house build here in 1886 was a hospital resembling in style Miramare Castle. This was torn down and the land sold to Keirkner in 1916. To buld a new villa Eliel Saarinen was hired. Saarinen's design of the building with help by the sculptors Gunnar Finne and Emil Wikström as well as the artist Olga Gummerus-Ehrström. The new four-storey, marble-palace construction began 1917, in which case Keirkner also acquired 150 square meter more land. August Keirkner died in the civil unrest of the palace before the completion of 22 February 1918, and was buried in the Marble Garden. The palace was finally completed by the end of 1918. August Keirknerin spouse Lydia Keirkner moved to the palace. 1936 Keirkner decided to sell the palacesto Rudolf Walden for 4.25 million marks in 1937. The significant art collection held in the Marble Palace was given to the Ateneum Art Museum. The new owner of the Marble Rudolf Waldén moved to the building with his wife, Anni Walden in November 1937 and theire two youngest children, Alice and Lauri. Rudolf Walden, died in October 1946. The Marble Palace was rented in March of the same year by the state, that bought it in 1949 In 1952, the newly established Helsinki Court of Appeal moved the Marble palace. They moved 1984 to modern premises in East Pasila. In the period 1984-2012 the Marble Palace was home for the Labour Court and a judge since 2004, in addition to the selection board. Today, the Labour Court is located in Pasila. In January 2013 the propertie was put to sale, but no buyer was found (it did cost 10 million €).
|
Marine Barracks
Merikasarmi was originally built for the Russian army as barracks from 1816 to 1820. It is currently the Finnish Foreign Ministry's premises. The Barracks Building is designed by architect Carl Ludvig Engel. At the end of the 1980s before the Ministry was moved in, the buildings were renovated and partially new built by the architect Professor Erik Kråkström In 1721 a cannon battery was placed here. It was decided in 1812 to replace it with barracks after plans of Johan Albrecht Ehrenström. Carl Ludvig Engel arrived in March 1816 to design the building, and after three months it was ready. 1826 was assigned to the construction of two additional wings of the building: kitchen wing and the wing for officers' accommodation. These additional buildings were completed Mainly in 1838. Barracks in the western end of a wing was completed in 1825, but the east wing, designed by Engel was at this stage of decay. In 1832 the barracks was Transferred to the use of Finnish marine established two years Earlier. Finlands fleet unit was however abolished in 1880, when the Grand Duchy of Finland was military occupated. After this, the barracks was Transferred again, to Russian military use, and the buildings became Russia's Baltic Fleet strong base. When Finland became independent the Finnish Navy moved here. Finnish naval forces general staff was in the area until 1958. Off Guard Battalion Merikasarmi was here until 1968, when it moved to Sandhamn and Taivallahti. In 1972, the Finnish Government for decided to make the building in to the Finnish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Which, however, only took place in the late 1980s. The last military installations there was still Operating in the period 1980-1985.
|
Market Square
The Market Square is a central square in Helsinki, Finland, and one of the most famous market places and tourist attractions in the city. The Market Square is located near the centre of Helsinki, at the eastern end of Esplanadi and bordering the Baltic Sea to the south and Katajanokka to the east. The Helsinki City Transport maintains an all-year-round ferry link from the Market Square to Suomenlinna, and in the summer there are also private companies providing ferry cruises, both to Suomenlinna and other nearby islands. From spring to autumn, the Market Square is bustling with activity with vendors selling fresh Finnish food and souvenirs. There are also many outdoor cafés at the square. Some cafés also provide meat pastries ("lihapiirakka" in Finnish), and one advertises their pastries as being "the best in the Market Square… in Helsinki… in Finland!" The height of the square's popularity is in early October when the annual Helsinki herring market ("silakkamarkkinat" in Finnish) begins. A long tradition at the Market Square is a display of old American cars on the first Friday of every month. Any motorist with an interest in old American cars can take part in this display. How the tradition originally started is unclear. Seagulls have become an increasing menace in the Market Square, swooping down to snatch snacks and ice-cream from the hands of unsuspecting tourists.
|
Mikael Agricola Church
Mikael Agricola Church is a Lutheran church. It was designed by Lars Sonck and built between 1933 and 1935. The church was inaugurated on 14 April 1935. It is named after bishop Mikael Agricola. The church is made of red bricks. The tower of the church is 97 meters high, the top reaching up to 103 meters above sea level. The 30-meter spike of the tower can be retracted if necessary as it fits inside the tower structure. This was done in the Winter War and the Continuation War so that the tower wouldn't act as a navigational aid to enemy bombers. The church hall seats 850 people. The crypt can also be used for events for 200 people.
|
Ministry of Transport and Communications
The Ministry of Transport and Communications is a government ministry of Finland. Its head office is in Helsinki build 1908 by Lars Sonck. The first department was opened in 1892 when the country still was under Russian rule. The present ministry was established in 2000.
|
Mother love
National Archives of Finland
The National Archives of Finland is a Finnish Government Agency Responsible for archiving official documents of the Finnish state and municipalities. The National Archives has its roots in the Treaty of Hamina in 1809, when Finland became a part of Russia. According to the peace treaty Sweden ceded Finland documents relating to the newly formed Grand Duchy of Finland. Before that there had been no own central archives in Finland, because the central government and central agencies were located in Stockholm. The archives was created in 1816 as part of the Senate of Finland. The present building was built in Neo-Renaissance style, designed by Gustaf Nyström and completed years in 1890. The present Swedish name was adopted in 1939 and the present Finnish name in 1994. It was in 1939 it is also became a central government agency of its own.
|
|
National Library of Finland
|
The National Library of Finland is the foremost research library in Finland. Administratively the library is part of the University of Helsinki. Until 1 August 2006, it was known as the Helsinki University Library. The National Library is responsible for storing the Finnish cultural heritage. By Finnish law, the National Library is a legal deposit library and receives copies of all printed matter, as well as audiovisual materials excepting films, produced in Finland or for distribution in Finland. These copies are then distributed by the Library to its own national collection and to reserve collections of five other university libraries. Also, the National Library has the obligation to collect and preserve materials published on the Internet. Any person who lives in Finland may register as a user of the National Library and borrow library material. The publications in the national collection, however, are not loaned outside the library. The library also is home to one of the most comprehensive collections of books published in the Russian Empire of any library in the world. The oldest part of the library complex, designed by Carl Ludvig Engel, dates back to 1844. The newer extension Rotunda dates to 1903. The bulk of the collection is, nonetheless, stored in Kirjaluola (Finnish for Bookcave), a 57,600-cubic-metre (2,030,000 cu ft) underground bunker drilled into solid rock, 18 metres (59 ft) below the library.
|
National Museum of Finland
The National Museum of Finland presents Finnish history from the Stone Age to the present day, through objects and cultural history. The Finnish National Romantic style building is a part of the National Board of Antiquities, under the Ministry of Culture and Education. The museum's entrance hall ceiling has ceiling frescoes in the national epic Kalevala theme, painted by Akseli Gallén-Kallela. The frescoes, painted in 1928, are based on the frescoes painted by Gallén-Kallela in the Finnish Pavilion of the Paris World Fair in 1900. The building of the National Museum was designed by architects Herman Gesellius, Armas Lindgren, and Eliel Saarinen. The appearance of the building reflects Finland's medieval churches and castles. The architecture belongs to national romanticism and the interior mainly to art nouveau. The museum was built from 1905 to 1910 and opened to the public in 1916. The museum was named the Finnish National Museum after Finland's independence in 1917. After the last thorough renovation, the Museum was re-opened in July 2000. The permanent exhibitions of the National Museum are divided into six parts. The Treasure Troves presents the collections of coins, medals, orders and decorations, silver, jewellery and weapons. Prehistory of Finland is the largest permanent archeological exhibition in Finland. The Realm presents of the development of Finnish society and culture from the Middle Ages 12th century to the early 20th century, through the Swedish Kingdom Period to the Russian Empire Era. The "Land and Its People" presents Finnish folk culture in the 18th and 19th centuries, life in the countryside before the industrialisation.
|
Natural History Museum of Helsinki
The Natural History Museum is one of the museums under the directorship of the Finnish Museum of Natural History, part of the University of Helsinki. The building that houses the museum was built in 1913. It was originally built for the Alexander Lyceum, a Russian-speaking cadet school, where the pupils were distinguished by their military-type uniforms. The building was designed by two Russian architects, Lev P. Chichko and M.G. Chayko, and the architecture is unusually flamboyant, especially the main stairs. After Finnish independence in 1918 the building became a Finnish cadet school. When the school vacated the building in 1923 it was obtained by the University of Helsinki and converted for use as a zoological museum. Its first collections were based on donations to the University of Helsinki from a private society called Societas pro Fauna et Flora. The museum building has been infested with a population of Loxosceles laeta (Chilean recluse spider) since the early 1960s. Though the species is considered by many to be the most dangerous of the venomous recluse spiders, there has been only one minor, non-fatal biting incident at the museum thus far. The museum displays taxidermed animals, skeletons, remains of prehistoric animals, and minerals. The first floor houses a bone exhibition. In the upper floors are exhibitions of Finnish nature, the nature of the world, and the history of life. The moose statue in front of the museum has become the symbol of the museum. The lobby hall is dominated by a taxidermed African elephant. The museum also has a cafe and a souvenir shop. The total floor area of the museum is around 8,000 square metres (86,000 sq ft).
|
Nylands Nation
Nylands Nation (NN) is one of the 15 student nations at the University of Helsinki, Finland's oldest, Swedish-speaking and established in 1643 at The Royal Academy of Turku. In 1828, the Academy moved to Helsinki taking the name "University" and Nylands Nation moved there along with the other Nations. The house of Nylands Nation is a building from 1904 designed by Karl Hård af Segerstad in the national romantic style. 1905 broke the Finnish out of the nation because of language strife and founded eteläsuomalainen osakunta. Today, these two nations closely with functional bilingualism which involves members among themselves speak their mother tongue.
|
|
Old Custom warehouse
The old customs warehouse is designed by Gustav Nyström and built in 1901. It has some design on exhibition.
|
old Market Hall
The construction of the first indoor hall in Helsinki, the Old Market Hall, was started at Eteläranta near the Market Square in 1888. This is the year written above the southern entrance of the building, but because of problems with cement delivery, the hall was not opened to the public until 1889. The building was designed by Gustaf Nyström who had studied how market halls were built in large European cities.
At the time of opening the hall had 120 stalls as well as 6 shops in the central gallery. Regulations stated that vendors were allowed to sell meat products, eggs, butter, cheese and garden produce. At the turn of the century, some of the fish trade from the outdoor marketplace was also moved into the hall. The first period of prosperity and dynamic construction for Helsinki’s market halls ended with the First World War in 1914-18 and Finland’s independence and civil war in 1917-1918. After a few years of extreme scarcity, trade started to blossom again at the start of the 1920s, and market halls were enthusiastically built in other Finnish towns as well. In the early 1930s, the global recession hit the trade at the Old Market Hall. Although trade recovered towards the end of the decade, the Finnish Winter War broke out in 1939, resulting in six harsh years that threatened the operations of the Old Market Hall in several ways. Due to general scarcity, the access to raw materials was strictly rationed, while black market trade was a further menace to hall merchants. Rationing continued in Finland for another 10 years after the war, until the availability and trade of raw materials picked up again soon after 1945. Rationing came to an end in post-war Finland in 1954, and the decades that followed saw food trade recover and expand year by year. Finland joining the EU in 1995 meant significant changes for the many Market Hall merchants selling foreign delicacies. |
|
Old Student House
The Old Student House(called Vanha, "the old one") is the former student house of the Student Union of the University of Helsinki. The building was designed by Axel Hampus Dalström and was completed in 1870. It represents the neo-renaissance style of architecture. The student house was originally built at the edge of the city centre, so the students' parties would not disturb other citizens. The construction was funded by a collection from the citizens. In dedication of this collection, the façade of the building bears the Latin inscription Spei suae patria dedit ("Fatherland gave to its hope"). Nowadays, the student house is located in the inner centre of Helsinki, near the Three Smiths Statue. Near the student house is located the New Student House, completed in 1910. At that point the Old Student House got its current name. In 1938 there was a discussion about whether the Old Student House should be dismantled to give place for a new business house.
|
OP Insurance
Finnish National Pohjola Insurance Ltd was Founded in 1891 as Fire Insurance Company Pohjola, and a few years later its sister company Accident Insurance Company, Kullervo. Theire main building was build 1901 by Lindgren, Saarinen og Gesellius. Pohjola's shares were quoted on the Helsinki Stock Exchange since 1912. Pohjola's two largest Shareholders, Finland-based company and Salama merged Finnish-Lightning in 1970, when Also a European travel insurance company Became a Subsidiary of Pohjola. in the mid-1970s, Pohjola and the Finnish Flash-Pohjola Group was Formed and Kullervo merged with Pohjola. In the autumn of 2005, OKO Bank (currently Pohjola Bank) announced the acquisition of the majority of Pohjola Group plc's shares and Insurance Group became a subsidiary of the bank. trade totaling more than 2 billion has been one of the largest in Finland occurred in mergers and acquisitions. quotation of Pohjola Group plc shares on the Helsinki Stock Exchange ended in 2006, Pohjola Group was merged into its parent company.
|
Parliament House
Parliament House is the seat of the Parliament of Finland. In 1923 a competition was held to choose a site for a new Parliament House. Arkadianmäki, a hill beside what is now Mannerheimintie, was chosen as the best site. The architectural competition which was held in 1924 was won by the firm of Borg–Sirén–Åberg with a proposal called Oratoribus (Latin for "for the speakers"). Johan Sigfrid Sirén (1889–1961), who was mainly responsible for preparing the proposal, was given the task of designing Parliament House. The building was constructed 1926–1931 and was officially inaugurated on March 7, 1931. Ever since then, and especially during the Winter War and Continuation War, it has been the scene of many key moments in the nation's political life. Sirén designed Parliament House in a stripped classical architectural style combining Neoclassicism with early twentieth century modernism. Sirén's combination of simplified columns and balusters with simplified planar geometry bears comparison to similar explorations by Erik Gunnar Asplund and Jože Plečnik. The exterior is red Kalvola granite. The façade is lined by fourteen columns with Corinthian capitals. The building has five floors, each of which is unique. The floors are connected by a white marble staircase and famous paternoster lifts. Most important for visitors are the main lobby, the stately plenary chamber and the large reception hall, the so-called Hall of State.
|
Presidential Palace
To the north of Kauppatori Square stands the Presidential Palace, one of C. L. Engel’s grand neo-classical buildings. Originally at the beginning of 19th century, a salt storehouse stood on the site. The entire lot was bought by merchant Johan Henrik Heidenstrauch who built the first palace in 1820. He had to sell it to the senate of Finland in 1837 and the building was moved to the official residence of the Tsar or Russia (Imperial Palace of Finland). The necessary rebuilding and furnishing work, carried out between 1843 and 1845, was directed by architect Carl Ludvig Engel. The Imperial family of Russia visited in palace several times between 1854-1915. During the World War I palace functioned as military hospital for Russian Army. In the Finnish Civil War (1918) it was first the headquarters of the Executive Committee of the Helsinki Workers and Soldiers Soviet. With the victory of the Whites, the Reds abandoned the Palace, which was temporarily used by German and White Finnish military staff. After the war it was quickly converted to the presidential palace of independent Finland. Complete repairs were made at speed, with the furnishings and art collections of the Palace being returned from storage in the National Museum and the Ateneum Art Museum, and also being supplemented. Since then, it has been the official residence of the President. The Palace was again refurbished and modernised by Martti Välikangas in 1938.
|
Paasitorni
|
Paasitorni, also known as the Helsinki Workers' House, is a conference and congress centre. It was designed in Art Nouveau style by architect Karl Lindahl, opened in 1908 as conference and leisure premises for the working class, and for a long time, served actively as a workers' house. As a professional congress centre Paasitorni's functions have been developed since the mid-1990s. Today Paasitorni houses almost 30 spaces for meetings and events for 8–800 people, four restaurants (Paasiravintola, Paasin Kellari, Juttutupa and Graniittilinna) and hotel Scandic Paasi with 170 hotel rooms. A floating restaurant pavilion, Meripaviljonki, seating 200 was also opened in 2015 in front of Paasitorni, by the Eläintarhanlahti bay. The imposing facade of castle-like Paasitorni is built in stone carved out of the bedrock where the building now stands, some of which was set aside at the farsighted suggestion of the original workmen and used in the extension completed in 1925. The granite facade with its high tower made it an eye-catching public building visible for miles. The building’s facade, main staircase and the Congress Hall are expertly decorated with images of tools and symbols depicting various occupations to highlight the skill of the craftsman. In the Finnish Civil War in 1918, the Reds made the building their headquarters, and the Germans who had come to the aid of the Whites and had conquered Helsinki, fired on the Workers' House heavily. The tower and the Congress Hall were severely damaged and had to be rebuilt after the war. The Congress Hall’s Art Nouveau chandeliers dating back to 1919 were designed by Karl Lindahl. In 1925 the Worker’s House gained a new granite-clad extension also designed by architect Karl Lindahl. The new extension incorporated the building’s current main entrance, the vestibule and the second floor restaurant. In terms of style, this section with its solid black pillars epitomises 1920s Nordic Classicism.
|
Paavo Nurmi
Russian Embassy in Helsinki
Russian Federation Embassy in due had to built by the Soviet Delegation's premises. Its nickname is the "Factory"and was often a synonym for the Delegation of the Soviet Union. In the period 1920-1941 an embassy was establishment after the Tartu Peace in the centrum of the city. The building fell into disrepair, when Helsinki faced heavy bombardment in February 1944. When diplomatic relations between Finland and the Soviet Union were returned after the war, it was intended to rebuild the old embassy building, but in 1948 the Soviet Union bought a new piece of land. The current embassy building is designed by Soviet architects, led by Anatoly Striževski. According to agreement, the Finnish state had to pay for construction. The architecture of the building represents the at that time in the Soviet Union popular style, the so-called Stalinist classicism. Inside the decorations are designed by E. S. Grebenshchikov. The building was completed in 1952. The embassy facade of the building is covered with granite and steatite. Pediment further embellished with a sickle and a hammer with the Soviet coat of arms, which is left to remind the history of the building.
|
Saint Henry's Cathedral
St. Henry's Cathedral is dedicated to Henry, Bishop of Uppsala. It was constructed between 1858–1860, primarily to serve Russian Catholics in the army, as well as Catholic merchants. Although it was build 1858-60, it was not consecrated until 1904. The architect was Ernst Lohrmann. It became the Cathedral Church of Helsinki in 1955. The architecture of the church is Gothic Revival with statues of Saint Henry, Saint Peter and Saint Paul decorating the exterior. in 1981 the church got an new interior by Olof Hansson.
|
Sibelius Monument
|
The Sibelius Monument is dedicated to the Finnish composer Jean Sibelius (1865–1957). The monument is located at the Sibelius Park. In 1939, the Leo and Regina Wainstein Foundation organised a competition for sculptors to design a work that depicted a scene from Finland's national epic, The Kalevala, which would be erected in the park. The winner was Aarre Aaltonen (1889–1980) and his entry Ilmatar and the Scaup, a bronze work that was unveiled in 1946. The monument is a sculpture by Finnish artist Eila Hiltunen titled Passio Musicae and unveiled on September 7, 1967. The sculpture eventually won a competition organised by the Sibelius Society following the composer's death in 1957. The competition took two rounds after one early winner was abandoned. Originally it sparked a lively debate about the merits and flaws of abstract art and although the design looked like stylised organ pipes it was known that the composer had created little music for organs. Hiltunen addressed her critics by adding the face of Sibelius which sits beside the main sculpture.It consists of series of more than 600 hollow steel pipes welded together in a wave-like pattern. The purpose of the artist was to capture the essence of the music of Sibelius. The monument weighs 24 tonnes (24 long tons; 26 short tons) and measures 8.5 × 10.5 × 6.5 metres.
|
Sinebrychoff Art Museum
The Sinebrychoff Art Museum is an art museum. The museum exhibits the old European art collections (dating between the 14th and 19th centuries) of the Finnish National Gallery. In addition, half of the museum acts as a historic house museum, displaying the 19th century estate of the Sinebrychoff family. The building housing the museum was constructed in 1842 by the Russian businessman Nikolai Sinebryukhov, whose brewery, Sinebrychoff, operated in the western side of the premises until 1992. His brother's family lived in the house, and his nephew, Paul, began an art collection. Paul continued to collect European art after being appointed head of the company in 1904. Along with his actress wife, Fanny Sinebrychoff, he amassed a collection of about 900 items, mostly paintings (100 by the Old Masters and approximately 350 portrait miniatures), but also including antique furniture, silverware, and porcelain. In 1921, Paul and Fanny Sinebrychoff donated their collection to the Finnish government. This was the same year that the house opened up as a historic house museum, showcasing 19th century upper class life. In 1975, the Finnish government bought the entire building from the brewery, and, after restoration, opened the building as a museum in 1980. In 2013, the Sinebrychoff Art Museum was incorporated into the newly formed Finnish National Gallery, in which it is one of three museums, the others being Ateneum and Kiasma.
|
|
smolna
Smolna is a building in Helsinki, which is the government's banquet hall. The house is built in 1820-1822 in the Empire style by architect Carl Ludvig Engel. Engel planned the house as the Divisional Commandant's official residence. In the Grand Duchy the military was seperated from the civil cases that belonged to the governor-general of Finland. In practice, the division commander did serve as military governor of the Grand Duchy. Service rooms were placed in the lower floor and the residence of the upper. Engel created a small but representative palace with a facade with ionic pillars and representation balcony. The halls and lounges placed in file so that through the open double doors you could see through the whole house. The first who lived in the house was the commander Gustaf Adolf Ehrnrooth. Already in 1828 the commandant had to move out of the house to make way for the Åbo Akademi University which moved to Helsinki and was renamed the Imperial Alexander University. When the university's main building was finished in 1832 it became a vacant spaces, but in the meantime the commandant service was terminated. During the 1860s, the house became more luxurious and modernized by architect Carl Albert Edelfelt. During the first period of oppression an Orthodox chapel was build in the house. At independence, the Governor General moved out and the Red Guards in Helsinki made it his headquarters and started calling the building Smolna. The word is a Russian word for amber and used for a factory nearby. German machine gun soldiers drove out the Guards in April 1918. The German Major General Rüdiger von der Goltz moved its headquarters to Smolna. Regent C.G.E. Mannerheim lived in Smolna 1918-1919. 1964 Smolna was changed in to the Government Banquet Hall. This stopped in the 1990s.
|
St. John's Church
St. John's Church is a Lutheran church designed by the Swedish architect Adolf Melander in the Gothic Revival style. It is the largest stone church in Finland by seating capacity. The church was built between 1888 and 1891, the third Lutheran church in Helsinki. The twin towers are 74 metres in height, and the church seats 2,600 people and has excellent acoustics, and it is therefore used for big concerts and events as well as services. The altarpiece shows Saul's conversion and the painting, called A Divine Revelation, is by Eero Järnefelt, brother-in-law to Jean Sibelius. Johannes (John) church stands on a hill that for many centuries had been a place for Midsummer bonfires (Midsummer is now also "John's Day", Juhannus in Finnish). The composer Oskar Merikanto was an organist here for a time.
|
Statue of Alexander II
A statue of Emperor Alexander II was erected in 1894 to commemorate his re-establishment of the Diet of Finland in 1863 as well as his initiation of several reforms that increased Finland's autonomy from Russia. The statue comprises Alexander on a pedestal surrounded by figures representing law, culture, and peasants. The sculptor was Walter Runeberg. During the Russification of Finland from 1899 onwards, the statue became a symbol of quiet resistance, with people protesting against the decrees of Nicholas II by leaving flowers at the foot of the statue of his grandfather, then known in Finland as "the good czar". After Finland's independence in 1917, demands were made to remove the statue. Later, it was suggested to replace it with the equestrian statue of Mannerheim currently located on Mannerheimintie in front of the Kiasma museum. Nothing came of either of these suggestions, and today the statue is one of the major tourist landmarks of the city and a reminder of Finland's close relationship with Imperial Russia.
|
Statue of Johan Ludvig Runeberg
The statue of J L Runeberg was made in 1885 by his son Walter Runeberg
Johan Ludvig Runeberg (5 February 1804 – 6 May 1877) was a Finland-Swedish lyric and epic poet. He is the national poet of Finland and the author of the lyrics to Maamme, Finland's national anthem. Runeberg was also involved in the modernization of the Finnish Lutheran hymnal and produced many texts for the new edition. |
Stockmann
Stockmann was established by Georg Franz Stockmann, a German merchant from Lübeck. In 1859 Stockmann became the manager of a store in Helsinki's Senate Square. In 1862, G.F. Stockmann took control of the store and Stockmann was officially established. In 1902 the company became G.F. Stockmann Aktiebolag. In 1930 the building which houses the current headquarters of the department store was finished, complete with revolving doors, a soda fountain and escalators. The first television transmission in Finland was broadcast from the department store in 1950. Stockmann is a historically important business building. The department store is the largest in Finland and the fifth largest in Europe. The listed building is built according to plans by Sigurd Frosterus, who came second in a design competition in 1916 and the building style represents mainly 1920s Classicism. Construction began in 1921 with the bazaar building and the actual department store was completed with four floors in the mid-1920s. In 1930 was finally all eight floors were finished. Stockmann's department store has been renewed, raised and enlarged in various stages. The most recent refurbishment took place in 2010 when the top floors were built and basements rebuilt. The store has 12 floors, three of which are below ground level. In addition to these, there is a connection to an underground parking facility on three floors.
|
Stora Enso
Stora Enso Oyj is a pulp and paper manufacturer headquartered in Helsinki, with significant operations in four continents. The company was formed by the merger of Swedish mining and forestry products company Stora AB and Finnish forestry products company Enso Oyj in 1998.
The Stora Enso Headquarters was designed 1959-1962 by Alvar Aalto as the head office of Enso-Gutzeit Oy. The building has been in use since 1961. In 2008, Stora Enso sold the building to the German property company Deka Immobilien GmbH for €30 million. |
Supreme Court of Finland
The Supreme Court of Finland consists of a President and at minimum 15 other Justices, usually working in five-judge panels. Its jurisdiction does not extend to the administrative court system or the Supreme Administrative Court of Finland.
The most important function of the Supreme Court is to rule on important points of law in cases which are significant for the entire legal order, guiding the administration of justice in future cases. Decisions of courts of appeal, as well as certain decisions of the Insurance Court may be appealed against to the Supreme Court, provided that it grants leave to appeal. In the rare criminal cases where a court of appeals acts as a court of first instance, the leave to appeal is not needed. (Cases of espionage, treason and criminal cases involving high civil servants or officers of at least major's rank fall into this category.) The building is from 1883 |
Temppeliaukio Church
Temppeliaukio Church is a Lutheran church. The church was designed by architects and brothers Timo and Tuomo Suomalainen and opened in 1969. Built directly into solid rock, it is also known as the Church of the Rock and Rock Church. Plans for the Temppeliaukio (Temple square) was started as early as the 1930s when a plot of land was selected for the building and a competition for the design was started. The plan by J. S. Siren, the winner of the second competition to design the architecture of the church, was interrupted in its early stages when World War II began in 1939. After the war, there was another architectural competition, which was won by Timo Suomalainen and Tuomo Suomalainen in 1961. Construction finally began in February 1968, and the rock-temple was completed for consecration in September 1969. The interior was excavated and built directly out of solid rock and is bathed in natural light which enters through the skylight surrounding the center copper dome. The church furnishings were designed by the architects. Organ builder Veikko Virtanen manufactured the church organ, which has 43 stops and 3001 pipes. There are no bells at the church; a recording of bells composed by Taneli Kuusisto is played via loudspeakers on the exterior wall.
|
|
The Joy of Motherhood
Tsarina's Stone
The sculpture is designed by Carl Ludvig Engel, it's Helsinki's oldest public memorial It was unveiled with ceremonies on December 18, 1835 becourse of Empress Alexandra Feodorovna first visit to Helsinki. The monument was erected to the point where the emperor couple came ashore on June 10 (Julian calendar on 29 May) 1833. The monument is a red granite obelisk whose top is decorated with bronze, gold-plated ball. on top of the ball is a symbol of imperial Russia, double-headed eagle. the eagle's chest is the Grand Duchy of Finland lion coat of arms. The gilded eagle isdesigned by famous bird painter Magnus von Wright. The monument has text that explains the purpose of the memorial. After the February Revolution of 17 April 1917 Russian sailors pulled down the bronze ball, and the double eagle monument and removed the base of the inskriptiot. The double-headed eagle was broken, but it and the ball of the platform remained in a safe place. It was placed back into place in 1971, when the issue was first consulted in the Soviet Union and ensured that the neighboring country had nothing against this.
|
Union bank
Federal Bank Ltd - Banken Ab Union (until 1924 Finnish Association of Bank Ltd - Union Banken i Finland) was named between 1920-1931 Finnish commercial bank. It formed in 1920 fused through Wasa Aktie Bank, Equity Bank and Turku Landtmannabanken. Union got its Bank headquartered in Helsinki, the share capital was FIM 100 million and it had 60 branches. The headquarter was completed in 1929, designed by E. Blomstedt. It is now part of the Helsinki World Trade Center. During the 1930s, the recession of Association of the Bank was merged in 1931 into the Helsinki Stock Bank (HOP), which opened its headquarters to Union Bank building. Helsinki Union Bank became 1986 transacting Union Bank of Finland (SYP).
|
University of Helsinki Botanical Garden
Helsinki University Botanic Garden is the oldest scientific garden in Finland. It was established in 1678 in Turku, and move to Helsinki in 1829. It is now part of the Finnish Museum of Natural History, which is an independent institution of the University of Helsinki, and also a national collection. The glasshouses and surrounding grounds offer nature lovers a unique experience all year round. The gallery between the large and small glasshouses is used to host temporary exhibitions, mostly on themes related to nature.
|
university of Helsinki
|
The University of Helsinki is a university located in Helsinki since 1829, but was founded in the city of Turku (in Swedish Åbo) in 1640 as the Royal Academy of Turku, at that time part of the Swedish Empire. After the Great Fire of Turku in 1827, Emperor Nicholas I ordered the Royal Academy of Turku be moved to the new capital city of the Grand Duchy of Finland, Helsinki, where the Imperial Alexander University in Finland began to operate the next year. Carl Ludvig Engel, architect, was given the assignment of designing an Empire-style main building, facing the Imperial Senate. The main building was completed in 1832. The third period of the university's history began with the creation of the independent Republic of Finland in 1917, and with the renaming of the university as the University of Helsinki. It is the oldest and largest university in Finland with the widest range of disciplines available. As of August 1, 2005, the University complies with the standards of the Europe-wide Bologna Process and offers Bachelor, Master, Licenciate, and Doctoral degrees. The university is bilingual, with teaching provided both in Finnish and Swedish. Teaching in English is extensive throughout the university at Master, Licentiate, and Doctoral levels, making it a de facto third language of instruction.
|
Uspenski Cathedral
Uspenski Cathedral is an Eastern Orthodox cathedral, dedicated to the Dormition of the Theotokos (the Virgin Mary). Its name comes from the Old Church Slavonic word uspenie, which denotes the Dormition. Designed by the Russian architect Aleksey Gornostayev (1808–1862). The cathedral was built after his death in 1862–1868. The crypt chapel of the cathedral is named after the holy Alexander Hotovitzky, who served as vicar of the Orthodox parish of Helsinki 1914–1917. On the back of the cathedral, there is a plaque commemorating Russian Emperor Alexander II, who was the sovereign of the Grand Duchy of Finland during the cathedral's construction. Uspenski Cathedral is claimed to be the largest orthodox church in Western Europe.
|
Warrant house
|
Massive Art Nouveau exterior of this former warehouse anticipated Art Deco´s monumentalism of the thirties and was designed by Lars Sonck (1913). Warranttitalo is located in Jugendstil district of Katajanokka and today serves as a Hotel Grand Marina.
|
winter garden
The Winter Garden, Founded in 1893, has been a recreational meeting place for the residents of Helsinki for over a century. No matter what season it is, the elaborate oasis of exotic plants invites you to take a tour of the greenery. In addition to the plants, the barbels splashing in the pools to delight visitors. In the summer time and even in the autumn, a passer-by can admire the marvelous Rose Garden in front of the Winter Garden. The Winter Gardens building was originally built for Major General Jacob Julius af Lindfors, who donated it to the Finnish garden association. The building was designed by architect Gustaf Nyström. The Winter Garden opened to the public in accordance with the 1893 donor's wish access to the collections has been free of charge since the beginning. The City of Helsinki acquired in 1907 the winter garden, as well as other garden buildings of the association. The glass building consists of three parts, the palm house, the cactus wing and the west wing. The Winter Garden has a total of about two hundred species of exotic plants, reaching up to the ceiling, like palm trees and century-old camellias. The end wall has a wall painting made 1893 by Solomon Wuorio.
|